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作用于地基上的荷载通常是随建筑物的施工进展而逐渐增加的,因而地基变形的相当一部分已在施工过程中完成。施工过程中的地基变形特征及变形量大小除与土壤性质、荷载形态、基础型式、上部结构刚度、施工方法等有关外,基本上与各个加荷阶段的加荷速率有对应关系。已往地基基础方面的试验研究和设计方法,大都建立在工程数据实测和分级加荷模拟试验的基础上,加荷速率均较缓慢。国内外虽有在地基上堆料预压和充水预压加荷速度相对稍快的经验和地基沉降实测,但多属于软土地基,并且经历加载和卸载所引起的压缩—回弹—再压缩的多层次变形过程,不能得出地基持续压缩变形规律。对于饱水粘性土地基
The load acting on the foundation is usually gradually increased with the construction progress of the building, and a considerable part of the deformation of the foundation has been completed during the construction process. In addition to the characteristics of the ground deformation and the amount of deformation in the construction process, besides being related to soil properties, load patterns, foundation patterns, superstructure stiffness, and construction methods, there is a corresponding relationship between the loading rates of the various loading stages. Most of the experimental research and design methods for foundations in the past have been based on the actual measurement of engineering data and the simulation tests on the classification and loading. The loading rates are relatively slow. Although domestic and foreign experience in loading foundation preloading and water filling preloading is relatively faster, and the ground settlement measurement is actually performed, it is mostly soft ground and undergoes compression and rebound caused by loading and unloading. In the process of multi-level deformation of compression, the law of continuous compression and deformation of ground cannot be obtained. For saturated clay foundations