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自秦始皇焚书坑儒到明清大兴文字狱,封建中国的知识分子历来是循规蹈矩、不敢乱说乱动的,言语稍有闪失,轻则挨打、丢官、流放,重则脑袋搬家还得株连九族。不过相对而言,宋代的知识分子说话的胆子稍大一些,近代著名史家陈寅恪认为,宋代文人的言论最为自由。这是近代人的观点。那么,当时的人是怎么看的呢?宋代著名的理学家、人称“二程”之一的程颐(1033—1107)称,本朝“百年未尝诛杀大臣”;大文豪苏东坡也说:“历观秦、汉以及五代,谏净而死,盖数百人。而自建隆(宋太
Since Qin Shihuang burned books to Daxing Ming and Qing literary jails, feudal China’s intellectuals have always behaved in a fair and unwilling manner, with slightest slips of speech, beatings, disgracements and exile, and even moving heads with strains Nine clans. Relatively speaking, however, the intelligentsia in the Song dynasty spoke slightly bolder. According to Chen Yinke, a famous modern historian, the words of the Song dynasty were the most liberal. This is a modern viewpoint. So, what did the people at that time think? The well-known Song physicist Cheng Yi (1033-1107), known as one of the “two courses,” said that the DPRK “did not try to kill the minister for a hundred years.” The great writer Su Dongpo also said: "The calendar view of Qin, Han and the Five Dynasties, remonstrance and death, covering hundreds. And self-built Long (Song too