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世贸组织成员方可以援引例外条款使其实施的限制性贸易措施获得正当性,美国博彩案作为适用《服务贸易总协定》第14条第1款的第一案,具有重要的法律意义。公共道德和公共秩序应为成员方的国内事项,并由成员方自行对其作出判断;不过成员方的这种判断权不是完全的,而要受到争端解决机构的检验。成员方在采取限制措施之前,应当善意地寻求合理可行的替代措施,且其措施不能是任意的或不合理的歧视,也不得构成对贸易的变相限制。随着国际贸易的增长,各成员方援引该例外条款的可能性增加,并可能会涉及人权因素和域外影响力。
Members of WTO can invoke the exception clause to justify the restrictive trade measures they implement, and the U.S. gaming case has the important legal significance as the first case to apply Article 14, paragraph 1, of the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Public morality and public order shall be the domestic issues of the member’s party, and the member states shall make their own judgments; however, such member’s right of judgment is not complete but subject to the examination of the dispute settlement agency. Member States should, before adopting restrictive measures, seek the plausible and feasible alternative measures in good faith, and their measures can not be arbitrary or unreasonable discrimination or constitute a disguised restriction on trade. With the growth of international trade, the possibility of members invoking this exception is likely to increase and may involve human rights factors and extra-territorial influence.