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20世纪钢铁工业得到极大的发展,世界钢产量从1900年2850万t增长至2000年8.43亿t。第一个快速增长时期出现在上世纪50年代到70年代中期,第二个快速增长时期从上世纪90年代开始至今。经济快速发展对钢铁产品需求的增长是钢铁生产的拉动力,技术进步是钢铁工业发展的推动力。预计21世纪世界钢产量将达到20亿t/年,铁产量可能超过13亿t/年。基于国内市场需求,中国钢铁工业产量保持在4~4.5亿t/年,2015年后铁的年产量有可能下降。中国炼铁将面临资源短缺、炼铁高炉结构不合理、能源过度消费和环境压力的挑战。中国钢铁工业必须是以国内需求为导向型的。中国炼铁工业健康发展取决于我们是否能够应对挑战。
In the 20th century, the steel industry developed tremendously. The world’s steel output increased from 28.5 million tons in 1900 to 8.43 billion tons in 2000. The first period of rapid growth occurred in the 1950s and the mid-1970s. The second period of rapid growth began in the 1990s. The rapid economic development of steel products demand growth is the driving force of steel production, technological progress is the driving force for the development of the steel industry. It is estimated that the world steel output in the 21st century will reach 2 billion tons per year and the iron output may exceed 1.3 billion tons per year. Based on the domestic market demand, the output of China’s iron and steel industry remains at 450-400 million t / y, and the annual output of iron may decline after 2015. China’s iron and steel will face the challenges of resource shortage, irrational structure of blast furnace, over-consumption of energy and environmental pressure. China’s steel industry must be based on domestic demand. The healthy development of China’s iron-making industry depends on whether we can meet the challenges.