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目的探讨毛喉鞘蕊花种子(小坚果)形态特征和萌发的影响因素,考察其最适发芽条件及发芽特性,为该药材规范化种植育苗提供参考依据。方法以毛喉鞘蕊花种子为研究对象,比对研究不同光照、温度和发芽床对种子萌发的影响;利用扫描电镜观察果实表面形态,采用常规石蜡切片法制片,光学显微镜观察内部构造。结果喉鞘蕊花种子置于25℃、暗室、滤纸面芽床的环境条件下发芽率最高;小坚果表面细胞呈多边形,并有瘤状突起;石蜡切片可见2枚肥厚子叶及胚的形态结构,种子无胚乳;种子吸水后周围出现浅棕色粘液层,新生幼苗全株被浓密毛茸。结论毛喉鞘蕊花成熟种子最适萌发条件为25℃、暗室、滤纸面芽床的环境,且种子吸水后出现黏液层为萌发的必要的条件。在实际生产中选择最优发芽条件促使种子萌发再播种,可得到整齐一致的幼苗。
Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of germplasm and the influencing factors of germination, study the optimum germination conditions and germination characteristics, and provide a reference for the standardized cultivation of seedlings. Methods The seeds of F. mandshurica were studied. The effects of illumination, temperature and germination bed on the seed germination were investigated. The surface morphology of the seeds was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The internal structure was observed by optical microscope. Results The seeds germinated at 25 ℃ in the dark room and on the surface of the filter paper bed with the highest germination rate. The surface cells of the small nut were polygonal and had nodular processes. The morphological structure of two hypertrophic cotyledons and embryos , Seeds without endosperm; seeds appear watery around the mucus layer, the whole newborn seedlings are dense furry. Conclusions The optimum germination conditions for the mature seeds of Coleus mandsuhurica are 25 ℃, the environment of darkroom and filter paper surface buds, and the mucous layer is the necessary condition for germination after the seeds absorb water. Select the optimal germination conditions in the actual production to promote seed germination and sowing, you can get neat and consistent seedlings.