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引言近年来,在常规的临床生化检验方面应用离子选择电极直接测定血液和其他生物体液中各种离子的方法已日益增多。但目前它的应用仅限于无机离子,如Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)和Cl~-等。只是在出现酶电极之后,有机物选择性的电极才有了实际应用的可能。这些电极是将常见电位电极表面上固定一薄层的酶。测定的物质是酶的底物。当底物渗入酶层时发生化学反应。通常,由此而产生的电极讯号与所测定的物质的浓度直接相关,电极的作用基本上属于一种生物转换器,在此,酶特别适合于起这种催化作用,这不仅由于它的高度选择性,更重要的是它可以在很低的底
Introduction In recent years, there has been an increasing use of ion-selective electrodes for routine determination of various ions in blood and other biological fluids in routine clinical and biochemical tests. However, its application is limited to inorganic ions such as Na ~ +, K ~ +, Ca ~ (2+) and Cl ~ -. Only in the presence of enzyme electrode, organic selective electrode has the possibility of practical application. These electrodes are enzymes that immobilize a thin layer on the surface of common potential electrodes. The substance measured is the enzyme substrate. A chemical reaction occurs when the substrate penetrates into the enzyme layer. In general, the resulting signal of the electrode is directly related to the concentration of the substance to be measured, and the function of the electrode essentially belongs to a biological converter in which the enzyme is particularly suitable for this catalysis not only because of its height Selectivity, more importantly, it can be at the very bottom