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内因和外因是事物变化发展的两个原因,在事物变化发展中内外因同时存在,缺一不可。二者在事物变化发展中所处的地位和所起的作用是不同的,内因是事物变化发展的根本原因,外因是事物变化发展的条件,外因通过内因而起作用。这是唯物辩证法关于事物发展原因的根本观点。对这一观点的理解中有几个问题值得注意。一、内外因的关系不是决定被决定的关系内因是指一个确定的事物或系统内部的各要素间的对立统一,即内部矛盾。事物的发展首先是事物自身的运动和变化,是事物内部矛盾双方相互作用的表现和结果,内因决定事物发展的性质和方向,是事物变化和发展的第一
Internal factors and external factors are two reasons for the development of things. In the development of things, internal and external factors exist at the same time and are indispensable. The status and role played by the two are different in the development of things. The internal cause is the fundamental reason for the development of things. External factors are the conditions for the development of things. This is the fundamental point of view of the materialist dialectics on the development of things. There are several issues in the understanding of this point that deserve attention. 1. The relationship between internal and external factors is not the relationship in which decisions are decided. Internal causes refer to the unity of opposites between a certain thing or the internal elements of a system, that is, internal contradictions. The development of things is first and foremost the movement and change of things. It is the manifestation and result of the interaction between two internal contradictions of things. The internal factors determine the nature and direction of the development of things, and it is the first thing to change and develop.