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为丰富我国冬小麦遗传多样性,为其遗传改良提供物质保障,对引进的104份斯洛伐克冬小麦种质资源的株高、株穗数、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量等主要农艺性状进行了调查分析。研究结果表明:引进的资源主要表现为株高偏高、穗子较大、千粒质量偏低的特点,且株高、穗长与千粒质量三性状均与对照品种存在极显著差异;6个性状变异系数幅度为0.08~0.37,变异系数的顺序为株穗数>株高=主茎穗粒数>千粒质量>穗长>小穗数,表现了丰富的遗传多样性;64份冬性种质与40份春性种质的千粒质量差异达到极显著水平,株高和主茎穗粒数差异达到0.05显著水平,株穗数、穗长和小穗数差异不显著;株高与株穗数、株高与穗长、穗长与小穗数、穗长与穗粒数、小穗数与穗粒数呈极显著正相关,穗长与千粒质量、穗粒数与千粒质量呈显著正相关;聚类分析将104份种质分为4类;筛选出综合农艺性状优良的种质3份,可直接作为亲本材料应用于黄淮冬麦区的小麦遗传改良研究。
In order to enrich the genetic diversity of winter wheat in our country and provide material guarantee for its genetic improvement, the paper introduced 104 main winter wheat germplasm resources including plant height, panicle number, spike length, spikelet number, spike grain number and 1000-grain quality in Slovakia Agronomic traits were investigated. The results showed that the introduced resources were mainly characterized by high plant height, larger ears and lower quality of 1000 grains, and the three traits of plant height, spike length and grain weight were significantly different from the control varieties. Six The coefficient of variation coefficient was 0.08 ~ 0.37, the order of variation coefficient was the number of panicles per plant> plant height = the number of spike per plant> 1000-grain weight> panicle length> spikelets, which showed rich genetic diversity; The difference of germplasm quality from the grain quality of 40 spring germplasms reached extremely significant level, and the difference between plant height and main stem grain number reached 0.05 significant level. There was no significant difference between panicle number, panicle length and spikelet number. Spike number per plant, plant height and spike length, spike length and spikelet number, spike length and spikelets number, spikelet number and spikelets number were significantly and positively correlated, spike length and grain weight, grains per spike and 1000 grain The results of cluster analysis showed that 104 germplasms were divided into four groups. Three germplasms with good agronomic traits were screened and could be directly used as parents for wheat genetic improvement in Huanghuai winter wheat area.