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目的识别、分析某粮油公司精炼油项目在生产过程中可能产生的职业病危害因素及其存在的主要环节,预测其可能造成的职业病危害程度,探讨防护对策和措施。方法选择与建设项目在原辅料、生产工艺、生产设备等方面具有一定的相似性的某稻谷加工有限公司精炼车间进行类比,采用类比法、经验法与定量分级法相结合的原则进行预评价。结果该项目在生产过程中可能产生的职业病危害因素主要有白土粉尘、磷脂粉尘、二氧化氯、丙酮、氢氧化钠、磷酸、对苯二甲酸、工频电场、噪声和高温。部分类比检测结果显示:白土添加岗位的时间加权平均浓度为0.8 mg/m3;离心岗位磷酸低于最低检出浓度0.16 mg/m3;碱液混合器岗位氢氧化钠低于最低检出浓度0.005 mg/m3,脱溶机岗位工人接触的噪声声级为68.1 dB(A)未超过国家规定的职业接触限值。该项目的选址、总体布局、建筑卫生学要求、生产工艺、个人使用的职业病防护用品、职业病危害防护设施、应急救援、辅助用室、职业卫生管理、职业卫生专项经费概算等方面基本符合国家有关规定。结论该项目属于职业病危害一般的建设项目,参考类比检测结果,项目按设计采取职业病危害防护措施,建立健全职业卫生管理制度和应急措施,可使运营过程中产生的职业病危害降到最低点,从职业卫生角度分析该项目是可行的。
Objective To identify and analyze the possible hazardous factors of occupational diseases and their main links in the process of production of a refined oil project of a grain and oil company and forecast the possible harm of occupational diseases and explore the countermeasures and measures for protection. The method is analogous to the refining workshop of a rice processing limited company which has some similarities in the raw materials, production technology, production equipment and so on, and is pre-evaluated by the principle of combining analogy, experience and quantitative classification. Results The main risk factors of occupational diseases in the production process are white soil dust, phospholipid dust, chlorine dioxide, acetone, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, terephthalic acid, power frequency electric field, noise and high temperature. The results of partial analog test showed that the time-weighted average concentration of white clay was 0.8 mg / m3, that of phosphoric acid was lower than the lowest detected concentration of 0.16 mg / m3 at centrifuge position, that of sodium hydroxide mixer was lower than the minimum detectable concentration of 0.005 mg / m3, and the sound level of workers exposed to the desolventizer is 68.1 dB (A). The occupational exposure limits stipulated by the state are not exceeded. The project site selection, overall layout, building hygiene requirements, production technology, personal use of occupational disease protection supplies, occupational hazards protection facilities, emergency rescue, auxiliary rooms, occupational health management, occupational health budget estimates and other basic line with the state The relevant provisions. Conclusion The project belongs to the general construction project with occupational disease hazard. With reference to the results of analogy test, the project adopts occupational hazard protection measures according to design, and establish and perfect occupational health management system and emergency measures, which can minimize the occupational hazards in operation. Occupational health perspective analysis of the project is feasible.