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目的掌握深圳市龙岗区职业病的发病规律和特点,为制定职业病防治对策提供科学依据。方法应用灰色关联分析法对该区1995～2008年诊断的职业病例进行统计分析,以各年份发病总数为参考数列,分辨系数P=0.5,按照关联系数和关联度公式求得关联系数及关联度,分析历年职业病发病的变化和发展态势。结果根据其排序,致病因素对职业病发病总数影响的灰色关联度大小排序是:三氯乙烯>尘肺>苯>正己烷>甲苯>职业性耳聋>铬镍化合物>铅>混合溶剂>二氯乙烷>中暑>酸雾>有机锡>氮氧化合物>化学性眼部灼伤>职业性哮喘>二甲基甲酰胺>甲醇。结论三氯乙烯是该区职业病发病影响因素中危害最大的毒物,苯、正己烷、二氯乙烷、二甲基甲酰胺等有机溶剂的中毒在该区的职业病发病中占据了重要的地位,而铅、粉尘、噪声、有机锡等物理化学因素的影响不容忽视。该区近年来开展的专项整治工作卓有成效,应积极地对职业病的危害因素进行干预,保障职业危害因素的早发现问题、早整治、早预防。
Objective To grasp the rules and characteristics of occupational diseases in Longgang District, Shenzhen, and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures of occupational diseases. Methods The gray relational analysis was used to analyze the occupational cases diagnosed from 1995 to 2008 in this area. The total incidence of each year was taken as the reference series, the resolution coefficient was P = 0.5, and the correlation coefficient and correlation coefficient were obtained according to the correlation coefficient and correlation formula , Analysis of changes in the incidence of occupational diseases over the years and the development trend. Results According to their rankings, the order of the gray relational grade of the influence factors on the total number of occupational diseases was: TCE> pneumoconiosis> benzene> n-hexane> toluene> occupational deafness> chromium-nickel compound> lead> mixed solvent> dichloroethane > Heat stroke> Acid mist> Organotin> Nitrogen oxides> Chemical eye burns> Occupational asthma> Dimethylformamide> Methanol. Conclusion Trichlorethylene is the most harmful to the occupational diseases in this area. Poisoning of organic solvents such as benzene, n-hexane, dichloroethane and dimethylformamide occupies an important position in occupational diseases in this area, The impact of lead, dust, noise, organic tin and other physical and chemical factors can not be ignored. Special rectification work carried out by the district in recent years has been fruitful and should actively intervene in the hazard factors of occupational diseases so as to ensure the early detection of occupational hazards and early remediation and early prevention.