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世界上具有半导体性质的物质的种类非常多,但是已經在半导体技术上得到广泛应用的却只有极少数的几种。是不是說这极少数的几种半导体已经令人非常滿意了呢?不是的。例如制造晶体管时最常使用的锗,它就是一种希有元素,提取起来很是费事。又例如另一种在制造晶体管时大量使用的元素硅,它虽然到处都有,然而提純又很不容易。当然,锗和硅的性能都很好,但是在使用上都有一定的限制。由此可見,为了滿足今后对半导体材料愈来愈广的需要,我們必須侭可能地去探寻一些丰产的、易于提纯的、具有各种特殊性能的半导体材料。
There are many kinds of substances with semiconducting properties in the world, but only a few have been widely used in semiconductor technology. Does it mean that very few semiconductors are already very satisfied? No. For example, germanium, the most commonly used transistor used in the manufacture of transistors, is a gifted element that can be very complicated to extract. For another example, another elemental silicon that is widely used in the manufacture of transistors is that it is ubiquitous, however, it is not very easy to purify. Of course, germanium and silicon are good performance, but there are some restrictions in the use. Thus, in order to meet the ever-increasing demand for semiconductor materials in the future, we must be possible to explore some of the high yield, easy to purify, with a variety of special properties of semiconductor materials.