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对低水平电离辐射的卫生学意义的认识尚有重大分歧。提出的模型至少有两类。一类认为,任何水平的电高辐射,不论多低,都有损健康,而且损伤效应为剂量或暴露量的函数。另一类指出,人们一直且不断地受到环境低水平电离辐射的作用,已建立了应付环境辐射的适应机构。虽然高水平和大剂量率的电离辐射是有害的,但存在着某一照射水平,在此水平下,机体的影响是可忽略不计甚或是有益的。这两类模型所涉及的公共卫生政策是大不相同的。
There are still major differences in the understanding of the hygienic significance of low-level ionizing radiation. There are at least two types of proposed models. One class believes that any level of electrical high radiation, no matter how low, is detrimental to health, and the damage effect is a function of dose or exposure. The other pointed out that people have been constantly exposed to the low levels of ionizing radiation in the environment and have established adaptive mechanisms to deal with environmental radiation. Although high levels and high doses of ionizing radiation are detrimental, there is a level of exposure at which the effects of the body are negligible or even beneficial. The public health policies involved in these two models are quite different.