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二百多年前,传统社会曾拼命地回避现代化的挑战,“现代性”曾被当成一种平庸的贬义词用以讥讽那些激进派。但是,当历史发展到了这个世纪,“现代性”却成为世界各国使用频率最高的词汇,没有任何一个民族和国家能够完全抗拒现代化的诱惑。现代化给人类社会带来了前所未有的生产力,以及丰富的物质福利和人类文化。本世纪70年代,一位法国经济学家估算过,今天我们每三年发生的变化相当于本世纪初三十年的变化,相当于牛顿时代以前三百年的变化,相当于旧石器时期三千年的变化。社会的飞速发展象一道曙光使人类看到了新的希望,也使人们沉浸于“现代化是天堂”的梦幻之中。 1972年罗马俱乐部发表了一篇震惊世界的研究报告,题目为《增长的极限》,它提醒人们,世界人口呈指数的增长,可耕地、森林、矿藏等资源呈指数地锐减,世界环境受到严重的污染,等等。有专家预测,工业和汽车排放出空前大量的二氧化碳,妨碍了地热进入空中,“温室效应”引起世界范围的温度升高,若干世纪后,两极冰山将融化,地球将变成一片海洋。同时,核武器的出现和使用使越来越多的人们清楚地意识到:现代化对人类自身的毁灭能力。
Two hundred years ago, the traditional society had desperately avoided the challenge of modernization and “modernity” had been used as a mediocre derogatory term to ridicule the radicals. However, when history has reached this century, “modernity” has become the most frequently used term in all countries in the world. No nation or nation can completely resist the temptation of modernization. Modernization has brought unprecedented productivity to human society as well as rich material benefits and human culture. In the 1970s, a French economist estimated that the changes we make every three years today are equivalent to those of the first three decades of this century, equivalent to the three hundred years before the Newtonian period, equivalent to three thousand years of the Paleolithic The change. The rapid development of society, like a dawn, has given mankind new hope and immersed people in the dream of “modernization is paradise.” In 1972, the Rome Club published a study that shocked the world, entitled “The Limitations of Growth,” which reminded people that the exponential growth of the world’s population, the exponential declining resources of arable land, forests and mineral resources, and the deterioration of the world environment Serious pollution, and so on. Some experts predict that industrial and automobile emissions of unprecedented amounts of carbon dioxide, preventing the heat into the air, “the greenhouse effect” caused a worldwide temperature rise, centuries later, the polar icebergs will melt, the earth will become a sea. At the same time, the emergence and use of nuclear weapons make it increasingly clear to all those people that the modernization itself is capable of destroying itself.