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近年来,药物引起的耳鼻喉疾病及障碍的报告逐渐增多,尤以耳损害多见。这些药物的致病机制可概括为两方面。一方面由于药物中毒所致,其中不少药源性内耳损害,均属于中毒性反应,主要与用药过量有关。另一方面则由于药物过敏所致,主要与患者的免疫状态有关,有些鼻及喉部损害,多属于这种反应。已经发现,不少因素可影响药源性耳鼻喉疾病的发生。首先是药物在组织中浓度的影响。用药剂量愈大,药物血清浓度愈高,药物在组织中浓度愈高,愈容易引起药物中毒或中毒程度愈大,氨基甙类抗菌素及利尿剂对内耳的显著毒性作用,即与这些药物在内耳中维持较高的药物浓度有关。其次为患者的个体因素影响,包括年龄及特异质因素。例如,婴幼儿及老人易
In recent years, drug-induced ENT diseases and disorders are reported gradually increased, especially in ear damage more common. The pathogenesis of these drugs can be summarized in two aspects. On the one hand due to drug poisoning, many of which drug-induced damage to the inner ear, are toxic reactions, mainly related to overdose. On the other hand due to drug allergy, mainly due to the patient’s immune status, some nose and throat damage, mostly belong to this reaction. It has been found that many factors can affect the occurrence of drug-induced ENT diseases. The first is the effect of drug concentration in the tissue. The larger the dose, the higher the serum concentration of the drug, the higher the concentration of the drug in the tissue, the more likely it is to cause poisoning or poisoning. The aminotoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics and diuretics on the inner ear is significant, In maintaining high drug concentration. Followed by the patient’s individual factors, including age and specific factors. For example, infants and the elderly are easy to use