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神木县西沟-柳沟流域煤炭开采历史悠久,主采侏罗系延安组4~(-2)、5~(-2)和5~(-3)煤层,采煤方法由之前的房柱式开采逐渐转换为井下综采。以西沟-柳沟流域内大砭窑煤矿和凉水井煤矿为基础,以不同开采方式诱发地面塌陷为对象,通过对流域区实地调查和分析,将区内地面塌陷分为房柱式采煤突发型塌陷和井下综采预知型塌陷,并对流域内地面塌陷主要表现形式—地裂缝和塌陷槽特征加以阐述和总结。在灾害调查的基础上,还对流域内土地资源、泉、井和地表水做了诸多工作,结果显示:地面塌陷对地质环境条件影响严重,地形地貌因地面塌陷而改变,土地资源因此受到破坏;采煤顶板冒落,流域内含(隔)水层破坏,地下水漏失、水位下降,地表水也随地裂缝流失,区内多处泉已经干涸,支沟断流等都与采煤引起的地面塌陷有关。
The coal mining in Xigou-Liugou watershed of Shenmu County has a long history of mining. The coal measures of 4 ~ (-2), 5 ~ (-2) and 5 ~ (-3) in the Yan’an Formation of the Jurassic are collected from the former column Mining gradually converted to underground mining. Based on the Dalayi coal mine and the Liangshuijing coal mine in the Xigou-Liugou drainage basin, the ground subsidence induced by different mining methods is taken as an objective. Based on the field investigation and analysis of the drainage area, the ground subsidence in the area is divided into three types: Hairstyle collapse and downhole pre-mining collapse, and expounds the characteristics of ground fissures and collapse troughs, the main manifestation of ground subsidence in the basin. Based on the disaster investigation, a great deal of work has been done on the land resources, springs, wells and surface water in the basin. The results show that the ground subsidence has a serious impact on the geological and environmental conditions, the landform changes due to the ground subsidence, and the land resources are thus destroyed ; Coal mining roof fall, the basin contains (interval) water damage, groundwater loss, water level decline, surface water also with the loss of ground fissures, the district has dried up multiple springs, tributaries and other off-flow and the ground caused by mining Collapse related.