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广播设施是开放性公共场所安全管理中最灵活有效的设施之一,为使其布局更有利于应急疏散,借鉴解决最大覆盖问题的方法,构建广播设施选址最优化模型。模型中考虑了声音传播中声压级的衰减性质及广播设施之间的干扰现象,兼顾最大覆盖与最小干扰的平衡,并以不被覆盖的信息接收点数与受到干扰的信息接收点数的加权和最小化作为模型的优化目标。将此模型应用于北京市什刹海景区,采用遗传算法求解5种情景下的选址方案,并与现有方案进行比较。结果表明,3种类型信息接收点在不同加权系数和不同广播设施数下的构成比例是不同的,优化选址方案的效果存在很大差异,应根据实际需求制定合理的广播设施选址方案。
Broadcast facilities are one of the most flexible and effective facilities in open public space safety management. In order to make the layout more conducive to emergency evacuation, the best solution to the problem of maximum coverage is to construct the optimal location model of broadcasting facilities. In the model, the decay properties of sound pressure level and the interference between broadcasting facilities are taken into consideration in the model, and the balance between maximum coverage and minimum interference is taken into account. The weighted sum of the number of non-covered information reception points and the number of information reception points disturbed Minimize as a model optimization goal. This model is applied to Shichahai Scenic Area in Beijing, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the site selection scheme under five scenarios and compared with the existing schemes. The results show that the proportions of the three kinds of information receiving points under different weighting coefficients and different broadcasting facilities are different, and the effect of the optimal location scheme varies greatly. Therefore, a reasonable broadcasting site selection plan should be worked out according to the actual needs.