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乡绅之家普遍穷困化是明清交替之际江南地区的一个显著变化。从本文以苏州府太仓州王时敏家为中心的考察来看,明清交替对乡绅经济生活的冲击,是从明末崇祯后期就开始了,由于战乱导致商业活动停滞,灾荒导致田租收入减少,以及在急迫的赋税政策下赔偿了高额的白粮和漕粮,原本其富厚在江南屈指可数的王家,经济开始拮据。清顺治初年,因棉稻收成好、价格高,经济有所改善。但是顺治十二三年起至康熙初年,由于物价骤降、赋役征收极度严厉和不时的灾荒,王家经济急剧恶化,短短数年间就积蓄用尽,不得不靠变卖家产应付生计和赋役。崇祯后期和顺康之交这两个致使王家急剧衰落的时期,也是明清交替之际江南民生最艰难之时。
The general impoverishment of the squire’s house was a significant change in the southern part of the Yangtze River during the turnaround of the Ming and Qing dynasties. From the perspective of Wang Shimin’s house in Taicang, Suzhou, the impact of the alternation of the Ming and Qing dynasties on the economic life of the squire started from the later stage of Chongzhen in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Commercial activities stagnated due to the war, As well as under the urgent tax policy to pay high white cereals and grain crops. Qing Shunzhi early years, due to good harvest of cotton, high prices, the economy has improved. However, from the 12th year of Shunzhi to the beginning of the Kangxi period, the economy of the royal family deteriorated sharply due to the drastic price drastic reduction and the heavy havoc imposed on the government. As a result, the savings of the royal family were exhausted in a few short years, . During the later period of Chongzhen and Shunshun, the two periods that led to the rapid decline of the royal family were also the hardest times in the southern people’s livelihood during the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.