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To the editor: Patients undergoing maintenancehemodialysis (MHD) are more vulnerable to nosocomialinfection, with less ability to combat the infection anda greater susceptibility to contaminants in the dialysisenvironment. Infection is a frequent cause of hospitalization,second only to cardiovascular disease (CVD) as the leadingcause of death in dialysis patients. Data from the UnitedStates Renal Data System indicated that 27.9% of MHDpatients were diagnosed with pneumonia during their1st year of hemodialysis (HD).