Use of Rectal Swab Samples for Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiome in Children

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To the Editor: The development of gut microbiota in theearly years of life is essential for immune function andprotection against pathogens in humans.[1,2] Stool sample isoften the first choice for analysis of the gut microbiota. Thedominant five phyla observed in stool samples have beenFirmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria,and Fusobacteria, ranked in the order of abundance.However, it might be difficult to obtain the fresh stool samplefrom infants and young children, especially when they arediseased. In this study, we aimed to evaluate if the rectal swabsample collected from children with hand, foot, and mouthdisease (HFMD) can be an altative for microbiome studyusing 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology.
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