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语言中表示的时间信息有七个子系统,它们形成三个层次:前话语层有时间实体和抽象情状,表达层有基点、时域和具体情状,推理层有时态和体貌。抽象情状和某些语法成分结合得到具体情状。时间实体或抽象情状或具体情状,与另一些语法成分结合得到时域。而基点隐含在时域中或语境中。最终,时态表现了小句的时域与基点的关系,而体貌是具体情状在小句的时域中呈现的样子。
There are seven subsystems in the language of time information. They form three levels: the former discourse layer has time entity and abstract situation, the expression layer has the base point, the time domain and the specific situation, and the reasoning layer has the tense and physical appearance. Abstract situation and certain grammar components combine to get the specific situation. Time entities or abstract or specific conditions, combined with other grammatical components to obtain the time domain. The base point is implicit in the time domain or context. In the end, the tense shows the relationship between the time domain and the base point of the clause, and the physical appearance is the appearance of the specific situation in the time domain of the clause.