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【目的】探讨细胞分裂周期蛋白42(Cdc42)在七氟烷神经毒性反应大鼠海马组织中的表达及其意义。【方法】7日龄SD大鼠42只,随机分为三组,每组14只。A组: 2%七氟烷+80%氧气维持麻醉2 h,一次;B组:2%七氟烷+80%氧气维持麻醉2 h,1次/日,连续3 d; C组:吸入80%氧气维持2 h。模型建立后3 h断颈取大脑海马组织,采用Western Blot检测海马组织中Cdc42、半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Cl-Csp3)的表达水平。在出生后的45~49 d进行水迷宫实验检测大鼠空间学习记忆能力的变化。【结果】与C组比较,A组Cdc42、Cl-Csp3蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组Cdc42、Cl-Csp3的表达明显增加(P0.05),而B组在定位航行实验中逃避潜伏期明显延长,空间探索实验中目标象限百分比减少(P0.05), whereas the expression of Cdc42 and Cl-Csp3 in the hippocampus of group B increased significantly (P0.05). The escape latency of rats in the group B were significantly longer than that of C group (P0.05), While the percent time in target quadrant in group B decreased (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Multiple inhalation of sevoflurane can induce neurotoxicity and memory dysfunction, which may be related to the increase in the expression of Cdc42.n