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第一个方法是布鲁纳的发现法。主张学生在教师的指导下,象科学家发现真理那样,通过自己的头脑去探索,“发现事物发展的起因和事物的内部联系,从中找出规律,形成自己的概念”。发现法共分五步:第一步,提出使学生感兴趣的问题。第二步提,出解决问题的各种可能的假设和答案,指导学生思考问题的方法,推测出几种答案。第三步,协助学生搜集和组织有关资料,尽可能提供发现的依据。第四步,组织学生仔细审查有关资料,从中得出应该得出的结论。第五步,引导学生用分析、思维去证明结论,对假设和答案从理论上和实践上加以检验、补充甚至修改,最后解决问题。
The first method is Bruner’s discovery method. Advocate students under the guidance of the teacher, as scientists discover the truth, through their own mind to explore, “found the cause of things and the internal relations of things, from which to find out the law to form their own concepts.” Found that the law is divided into five steps: The first step, put forward to make students interested in the problem. The second step, out of the various possible assumptions and answers to solve the problem, to guide students to think about the problem method, speculate several answers. The third step, to help students collect and organize the relevant information, as much as possible to provide the basis for the discovery. The fourth step, organize students to carefully review the relevant information, draw conclusions that should be drawn. The fifth step, to guide students to use analysis, thinking to prove the conclusions of the assumptions and answers to be tested in theory and practice, supplement or even modify, and finally solve the problem.