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过去儿年对艾滋病进行了大量基础和临床研究,已建立一些新的诊断方法并开发出一些新的治疗药物。目前主要用ELISA和蛋白印迹法(WB)诊断人类免疫缺陷症病毒(HIV)感染。ELISA的敏感性与特异性均较高,故常用于筛检感染人群。但ELISA的预测值依赖于监测人群感染的发生率。因此不适合对高危或低危人群中HIV感染的诊断。确诊常用WB。联合应用ELISA和WB,在低危和高危人群中的阳性预测值分别为99.5%和99.6%。当ELISA筛检为阳性时再应
In the past years, a large number of basic and clinical studies on AIDS have been conducted. Some new diagnostic methods have been established and some new therapeutic drugs have been developed. At present, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is mainly diagnosed by ELISA and western blotting (WB). ELISA sensitivity and specificity are high, it is often used for screening infected people. However, the predictive value of ELISA depends on monitoring the incidence of infection in the population. It is therefore not suitable for the diagnosis of HIV infection in high-risk or low-risk populations. Confirmed commonly used WB. The combined use of ELISA and WB in the low-risk and high-risk populations were 99.5% and 99.6% respectively. When the ELISA screening is positive again