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红外工程技术人员可选用多种用以冷却红外系统器件的低温冷却系统。本文旨在给对各种类型冷却器还不很熟悉的人员在选择时提供某种指导,扼要叙述能使红外系统器件,包括现有的和不久将来可见的系统器件冷却到4～120K 范围的低温冷却器的性能、工作原理,讨论每种冷却器的特性,并指出它们的应用范围。这里讨论的冷却器类型有:一次使用的开放式循环系统(液体低温冷却器,固体低温冷却器和Joule-Thomson 冷却器)、连续流封闭式循环致冷器(Joule-Thom-son 和Brayton 逆循环致冷器)、间歇流封闭式循环致冷器(Stirling 循环致冷器、Gifford-McMahon 循环致冷器和Vuilleumier 循环致冷器以及基于上述三种循环的分离循环致冷器)和无源散热器。本文后面还列出了一些参考书目,就中有关于所有类型冷却器详细资料的参考文献。
Infrared engineers can choose from a variety of low-temperature cooling systems designed to cool infrared system components. The purpose of this paper is to provide some guidance to those who are not yet familiar with all types of coolers when choosing which of the following can be used to outline the ability to cool infrared system components, including existing and near future visible system components to 4 to 120K The performance of cryogenic coolers, how they work, the nature of each type of cooler, and their application. The types of coolers discussed here are: one-time use of an open circulatory system (liquid cryogenic cooler, solid cryogenic cooler, and Joule-Thomson cooler), a continuous flow closed-cycle cryogenic cooler (Joule-Thomsen and Brayton Inverse Cycle coolers), batch-flow closed cycle coolers (Stirling cycle coolers, Gifford-McMahon cycle coolers, and Vuilleumier cycle coolers as well as separate cycle coolers based on the above three cycles) and passive heat sink. A few bibliographies are listed later in this article, with references for more detailed information on all types of coolers.