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随着人类对金属需求的进一步增长,很多矿山将转入深部开采。深部开采地压活动方式明显地不同于浅部有其自己特点。本文分析了“深采”条件下产生地压活动的一般原理,给出了已充填和未充填空区的地压活动形式,从开采方案、暴露面积、留矿堆作用三个方面论述了深部采矿方法,并提出了从开采时机、顶板管理、保证上盘稳定及顶板加固四个方面控制“深采”地压活动的措施。最后,对免压供理论在开采顺序的应用及采场上部的应力状态分析两个问题进行了探讨。本文实践性强,具有理论联系实际的特点。
As human demand for metal further increases, many mines will move into deep mining. The manner of underground mining pressure is obviously different from the shallow part has its own characteristics. This paper analyzes the general principle of the pressure-producing activity under the condition of “deep mining”, and gives the forms of the underground pressure of the filled and unfilled vacant areas. It discusses the deep-seated area from three aspects of the mining scheme, the exposed area and the left- Mining methods and put forward measures to control “deep mining” ground pressure activities from four aspects: mining timing, roof management, stability of the hanging wall and roof reinforcement. Finally, two issues of application of pressure-free theory in mining sequence and stress state analysis in the upper part of stope are discussed. This article is practical and has the characteristics of combining theory with practice.