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受地下介质吸收衰减及环境噪声的影响,地震反射波的频率主要集中在中低频,且频带较窄,信噪比较低.反褶积方法是解决此类问题的重要手段,而谱模拟反褶积方法因克服了传统反褶积的假设条件“反射系数为白噪声”而备受推崇,但子波振幅谱无法准确获取的缺陷限制了其应用.为此,在传统的谱模拟反褶积方法基础上进行改进,提出了一种基于二阶谱及多阶微分融合的频谱拓展方法.微分算子在频率域具有单调递增的线性特征,可提高信号的高频成分并压制低频成分,即具有分频属性,且反映频率的高低与微分阶数成正比.以期望子波振幅谱为约束条件,对不同阶微分信号的振幅谱进行融合,可获得精确的宽频地震资料,避免传统谱模拟反褶积方法在求取子波振幅谱过程中存在的误差.经过对薄互层模型及实际地震记录的试算,获得了比传统方法更好的效果,证明本文方法对提高地震资料分辨率比传统谱模拟反褶积方法更加有效.
Affected by the absorption and attenuation of underground media and environmental noise, the frequency of seismic reflection is mainly in the middle and low frequencies, and the frequency band is narrower and the signal to noise ratio is lower.The deconvolution method is an important means to solve this kind of problem, Convolution method overcomes the traditional convolution conjecture “reflection coefficient is white noise ” and is highly respected, but the wavelet amplitude spectrum can not accurately access the limitations of its limited application.Therefore, in the traditional spectral simulation Based on the second order spectrum and multi-order differential fusion, the differential operator has a monotone increasing linear characteristic in the frequency domain, which can increase the high frequency component of the signal and suppress the low frequency Component, that is, has the frequency-dividing property, and the reflected frequency is proportional to the differential order. Expecting the amplitude spectrum of the wavelet as the constraint condition, the amplitude spectrum of different order differential signals can be fused to obtain accurate broadband seismic data, avoiding The error of traditional spectral simulated deconvolution method in obtaining the amplitude spectrum of the wavelet is better than the traditional method after the trial of the thin interbed model and the actual seismic record, Method for enhancing the seismic data resolution than traditional analog spectral deconvolution method is more effective.