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对监管机构来说,独立性与善治、改革和最佳实践相关,亦已成为管制型国家最为标榜的特征之一。但究竟什么是独立机构呢?本文对此展开探讨,访谈五个隐私权(和信息)委员会的利益相关者,阐述那些真正参与了日常监管流程的人对独立性的理解。利益相关者对独立性的信念和期望不仅塑造了关系,而且最终决定了监管实践的合法性。本文明确了理解独立性的六大主题。每个主题代表各个利益相关群体特别关注的领域。这些主题包括行为特质和结构安排两方面,整合起来表明了对独立性的共识。本文提出的框架,既提供途径以综合各种对独立性的描述,又对机构在确定独立性方面发挥的积极作用进行识别。对实践工作者的启示机构独立性与行为特质和结构安排有关。独立性的行为特质包括捍卫公共利益、产生公信力和展示公正性。在明确的程序公正和透明原则基础之上,程序和惯例可能提升机构的独立性。
For regulators, independence has to do with good governance, reforms and best practices and has also become one of the most eminent features of regulated countries. But what exactly is an independent agency? The paper explores this and interviews with stakeholders in the five Privacy (and Information) Committees, outlining those who truly participate in the day-to-day regulatory process’s understanding of independence. Stakeholders’ beliefs and expectations about independence not only shape the relationship but also ultimately determine the legitimacy of regulatory practice. This article defines the six major themes for understanding independence. Each topic represents a particular area of interest for each stakeholder group. These themes, including behavioral traits and structural arrangements, have combined to demonstrate a common understanding of independence. The framework presented in this article provides both a means of synthesizing the various descriptions of independence and identifying the positive role that institutions play in determining independence. Implications for Practicing Workers Institutional independence relates to behavioral traits and structural arrangements. The behavioral characteristics of independence include defending the public interest, generating credibility and demonstrating fairness. On the basis of clear principles of procedural fairness and transparency, procedures and practices may enhance the independence of institutions.