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石蝴蝶属(Petrocosmea Oliv.)植物的现代分布与分化中心位于中国的西南山地以及周边国家和地区,如印度(阿萨姆邦)、缅甸、泰国、越南等也有分布.近年来,中国和中南半岛上各个国家和地区的新分类群和国家级新记录层出不穷,进一步加深了研究人员对中国和中南半岛植物区系以及该属植物在上述区域的多样性的理解.例如,滇黔石蝴蝶[Petrocosmea martinii(H.Léveillé)H.Léveillé]和丝毛石蝴蝶(P.sericea C.Y.Wu ex H.W.Li)曾被认为是中国的特有种,前者分布于贵州、广西北部和云南东南部,而后者仅见于云南东南部.该文报道了这两种石蝴蝶属植物的越南国家级分布新记录.这两个新记录种的发现,使得越南分布的石蝴蝶属植物种的数量上升到了5种,这些新记录种的报道或暗示未来在与中国西南山地邻近的地区还将会有更多该属的新分类群或新记录有待发现.该文还同时提供了这两个国家级分布新记录物种的描述、图示、濒危等级现状评价以及目前所有越南已知分布的石蝴蝶属植物的检索表以备检索和核对.“,”The modern center of differentiation and distribution of Petrocosmea Oliv. is located in Southwest Mountains ofChina, and this genus can distribute to India (Assam), Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. It helps researchers to better understand the flora of China&Indo-China Peninsula and the plant biodiversity of Petrocosmea in above-mentioned areas because many new taxa and new national records of this genus were discovered and published in recent years. For instance, Petrocosmea martinii (H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé and P. sericea C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li, formerly considered as endemic species of China, with the former was once thought to be distributed in Guizhou, North Guangxi and Southeast Yunnan and the latter is only distributed in Southeast Yunnan Province, are also found in Vietnam at present. This finding raises the number of Petrocosmea known from Vietnam are five species. Thus, the discovery of two new national records of Petrocosmea hints more new taxa and records will be discovered in those areas where are adjacent to Southwest mountains of China in the future. The descriptions, illustrations, conservation status assessment of two newly recorded Petrocosmea and identification key to all known Petrocosmea from Vietnam are here provided for checking by researchers.