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目的:分析0~5岁儿童IgE介导牛奶蛋白过敏（CMPA）的临床特征。方法:采用横断面研究，收集2019年10月至2020年11月在首都儿科研究所变态反应科确诊为IgE介导0~5岁CMPA的106例患儿资料。完善患儿外周血常规、血清总IgE、牛奶特异性IgE、新鲜牛奶过敏原皮肤点刺试验（SPT）及牛奶蛋白组分检测等检查，根据临床表现诊断严重过敏反应，采用秩和检验、χ2检验进行临床特征差异的统计学分析。结果:106例CMPA患儿中男67例、女39例。首次就诊年龄为15（8，34）月龄，≤1岁42例、>1~<3岁39例，≥3岁25例，发病年龄为6（5，8）月龄。患儿中进食牛奶或其制品后出现过敏95例（89.6%），皮肤接触时出现过敏42例（39.6%），在哺后出现过敏11例（10.4%）；进食牛奶或奶制品时间为45（1，120）min、皮肤接触途径时间为10（5，30）min、母乳喂养途径出现症状时间为121（61，180）min，3种不同途径暴露后过敏症状出现的时间比较差异有统计学意义（χn 2=77.01，n P1-<3 years of age) and 25 cases(≥3 years of age), the onset age of 6 (5, 8) months. Among them, 95 cases (89.6%) were reacted after consuming milk or its products, 42 cases (39.6%) had reaction due to skin contact and 11 cases (10.4%) reacted after exclusive breastfeeding. The onset time of milk product consumption was 45 (1, 120) min, skin contact pathway was 10 (5, 30) min and symptoms in breastfeeding pathway was 121 (61, 180) min. There was statistical difference among the time of symptoms (χn 2=77.01, n P<0.001).The cutaneous reaction was most common (100 cases, 94.3%), followed by digestive (20 cases, 18.9%) and respiratory (16 cases, 15.1%), and the nervous symptoms (1 case, 0.9%) were uncommon and 24 cases (22.6%) had at least one episode of anaphylaxis. There were 87 cases (82.1%) also diagnosed with other food allergies, 94 cases (88.7%) with previous eczema, 57 cases (53.8%) with history of rhinitis, and 23 cases (21.7%) with history of wheezing. The total IgE level was 191.01 (64.71, 506.80) kU/L, and the cow′s milk sIgE level was 3.03 (1.11, 15.24) kU/L. The maximum diameter of the wheal in SPT was 8.2 (4.0, 12.0) mm. Component resolved diagnosis showed that 77 cases (81.9%) were sensitized to at least one out of 4 main components, including casein, α lactalbumin, β lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin.The possibility of anaphylaxis in children with milk sIgE grade Ⅳ-Ⅵ was higher than that in children with grade 0-Ⅲ (57.7% (15/26)n vs. 12.5% (10/80), n OR=9.545, 95%n CI 3.435-26.523). Children with milk SPT ≥+++ had a higher probability of anaphylaxis than those with milk SPT ≤++ (34.4% (11/32) n vs. 11.5% (3/26), n OR=4.016, 95%n CI 0.983-16.400). Anaphylaxis were more common in α lactalbumin positive children than in negative children (34.3% (13/38) n vs. 14.2% (8/56), χn 2=1.23，n P=0.042).n Conclusions:CMPA in children has early onset and diversified clinical manifestations, which are mainly cutaneous symptoms. Most children are sensitized to at least one allergen component. Serum sIgE level, SPT reaction and allergen components play important roles in the diagnosis and evaluation of CMPA, and higher milk sIgE level may predict a higher risk of anaphylaxis.