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目的通过新加坡化学毒物职业暴露半定量风险评估模型(以下简称新加坡风险评估模型)评估草甘膦制造行业职业危害,探索适合草甘膦制造行业职业危害风险评估技术和模型。方法选取某市1家大型草甘膦制造企业,对现场进行劳动卫生学调查,运用该模型的实际浓度法和暴露指数法分别对草甘膦制造企业关键岗位的职业病危害进行风险评估,并与现场检测和我国工作场所职业病危害作业分级进行结果验证。结果实际浓度法和暴露指数法评估结果在接触三乙胺、氢氧化钠的岗位上有较强的一致性;但暴露指数法评估结果总体上高于实际浓度法。实际浓度法得出合成投料和水解、脱酸岗位的甲醇和氯化氢及盐酸的风险水平为1级(可忽略风险),其他岗位的风险水平为2级(低风险)。暴露指数法评估结果表明,合成投料岗位的甲醇、三乙胺和水解脱酸岗位的氯甲烷的风险水平为3级(中等风险),其他岗位风险水平均为2级(低风险)。工作场所职业病危害作业分级所有化学物评估结果均为0级(相对无害作业)。结论新加坡风险评估模型对危害因素浓度未超过接触限值或者无法获得监测浓度的化学物的评价意义更大。
Objective To assess the occupational hazards of glyphosate manufacturing industry through Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model of occupational exposure to chemical poisons (Singapore Risk Assessment Model) and to explore techniques and models suitable for risk assessment of occupational hazards in glyphosate manufacturing industry. Methods A large-scale glyphosate manufacturer in a city was selected to conduct a survey on labor hygiene in the city. The actual concentration method and exposure index method of the model were used to evaluate the risk of occupational diseases in the key positions in the glyphosate manufacturing enterprises respectively. Site testing and occupational hazards in our workplaces classified and verified the results. Results The results of the actual concentration method and exposure index method showed a strong consistency in the exposure to triethylamine and sodium hydroxide. However, the results of the exposure index method were generally higher than the actual concentration method. According to the actual concentration method, the risk level of methanol, hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid for synthesis feedstock and hydrolysis and deacidification positions is level 1 (negligible risk), and the risk level of other positions is level 2 (low risk). The results of the exposure index method showed that the risk level of methyl chloride, triethylamine and methyl chloride in the hydrolysis and deacidification stations were 3 (medium risk) and 2 (low risk) in other positions. Occupational Hazards Classification at Work All chemical evaluations are level 0 (relatively harmless). Conclusion The Singapore risk assessment model is of greater significance for the evaluation of chemicals where the concentration of the hazard does not exceed the exposure limits or can not be monitored.