论文部分内容阅读
目的掌握东兴市农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平,客观评价该市农村环境卫生状况,为制定政策措施提供依据和支持。方法采用分层随机的方法,选择3个镇,共20个行政村作为监测点,同时每村随机选5户入户调查。结果 75.0%的行政村有卫生规划,55.0%有卫生管理制度,20.0%有专职保洁员;农户庭院、室内卫生、厨房卫生均以一般为主,90.0%房屋周围有家禽圈舍;生活性垃圾随意堆放的占55.0%,生活垃圾和工业垃圾焚烧均为75.0%,养殖业垃圾再利用的为69.23%;每日产生污水11 230 t,生活污水、工业污水和养殖业污水分别占70.59%、3.53%和25.88%;工业污水处理率为50.0%,生活性污水处理率仅为5.0%;卫生厕所普及率为76.96%,农村自来水普及率为87.59%。结论东兴市农村垃圾随意堆放仍存在,污水处理率低,公共卫生设施配套建设还比较滞后,环境卫生有待提高。
Objective To grasp the level of health hazards in rural sanitation in Dongxing city and objectively evaluate the rural sanitation in the city and provide the basis and support for the formulation of policies and measures. Methods A stratified random method was used to select 3 towns and 20 administrative villages as monitoring points. At the same time, 5 households were randomly selected from each village. Results 75.0% of the administrative villages have health plans, 55.0% have health management systems and 20.0% have full-time housekeepers. Household farms, indoor sanitation and kitchen sanitation are generally dominated, with 90.0% of them having poultry houses around; living garbage 55.0% of them were randomly deposited, 75.0% of domestic waste and industrial waste were incinerated, 69.23% of domestic waste was reused, 11 230 t of sewage daily, 70.59% of domestic sewage, 3.53% and 25.88% respectively. The industrial sewage treatment rate was 50.0% and the life sewage treatment rate was only 5.0%. The sanitary toilet penetration rate was 76.96% and the rural tap water penetration rate was 87.59%. Conclusion The dumping of rural garbage in Dongxing City still exists randomly, the sewage treatment rate is low, the supporting construction of public health facilities is still lagging behind, and sanitation needs to be improved.