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一、计划(一)计划的概念与意义计划,是管理程序的一个重要环节。它实际是对将来所从事的诸项工作的一种有条理的设想。计划的目的是行动,是有秩序地、周密地、高效率地进行实施活动,以达到预定目标。一项完善的计划,都具备以下特点:1、它与组织目标和决策完全一致。2、它是对未来行动的设想,通过对将来一段时间内可能发生情况的预测,规划行动方案。3、它有具体的内容,主要包括所需人员、设备器材条件、最佳方法和程序、工作完成进度、特殊事变的处理方法、工作(技术)规范或标准、经济预算等。4、它具有协调一致性,即纵的方面上下方向一致,横的方面能彼此协调配合。5、既有强制性又具有适当的宽容度。6、重点突出,缓急有序。
I. Planning (I) The concept and significance of the plan is an important part of the management process. It is actually a structured idea of all the work that will be done in the future. The purpose of the plan is to act in an orderly, thorough, and efficient manner in order to achieve the intended goal. A comprehensive plan has the following characteristics: 1. It is completely consistent with the organization’s goals and decisions. 2. It is a vision for future actions. It plans actions by predicting what may happen in the future. 3. It has specific contents, mainly including the required personnel, equipment and equipment conditions, best methods and procedures, work completion progress, special events, processing (technical) norms or standards, and economic budgets. 4. It has a coherent consistency, that is, vertical and horizontal directions are consistent, and horizontal aspects can coordinate with each other. 5. Both mandatory and appropriate latitude. 6, focused, hurried and orderly.