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对长江下游地区小麦高产品种产量性状的遗传及相关进行了连续两年的试验研究。试验是在南京农学院院内试验地上进行的,按随机区组设计。1980—1981年供试品种6个,四次重复;1981—1982年供试品种8个,三次重复。对所取得的各性状的观测数据进行了统计分析。分析结果表明:植株高度、每穗小穗数和千粒重的广义遗传力较高;每穗粒数、单株穗数和每小穗粒数次之;单株和每穗粒重、单位面积穗数、粒数及籽粒产量则较低。千粒重、单株穗数和每穗粒数的遗传变异系数和相对遗传进度都较大,每穗小穗数、单株粒重、每小穗粒数和产量的都较小。所研究的各性状的遗传相关系数都接近或稍大于表型相关系数,而产量与所有其它性状的相关都不显著,产量因素之间都表现为负相关。但通径系数分析表明:除了穗数在一年的试验中对产量呈负向直接效应外,其它产量因素在两年中均呈正向直接效应。选择指数的计算结果表明:按选择指数选择大都比单一性状选择产量的效果为好,权衡得失,以包括产量、千粒重及穗数或粒数组成的三性状的指数的效果较好而简易。整个试验结果表明:在长江下游地区,在现有高产品种类型的基础上,选育具有更高产量潜力的新品种,似乎应着重提高粒数,适当兼顾粒重,而粒数又以单位面积粒数为指标较适宜。穗数似乎存在较
The inheritance and correlation of yield traits of high-yield wheat cultivars in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River have been studied for two consecutive years. The experiment was carried out in Nanjing Institute of Agriculture on-site trial, according to randomized block design. Six varieties were tested in 1980-1981 with four replicates. Eight varieties were tested in 1981-1982 with three replications. The observed data of each trait obtained were statistically analyzed. The results showed that plant height, spikelet number per spike and grain weight per spike were higher in broad sense; the number of spikelets per panicle, spikelets per panicle and the number of spikelets per panicle; Number, grain number and grain yield are lower. The genetic variation coefficient and relative genetic progress of 1000-grain weight, panicles per panicle and panicles per panicle were relatively large, and the number of spikelets per panicle, grain weight per plant, grain number per panicle and yield were small. The genetic correlation coefficients of the traits studied were close to or slightly larger than the phenotypic correlation coefficients, and the yield was not significantly correlated with all the other traits. The yield factors were all negatively correlated. However, the path coefficient analysis showed that except for the number of spikes in the one-year trial, which had a negative direct effect on the yield, the other yield factors showed a positive direct effect in both years. The calculation results of the selection index show that selecting the index by the selection index is better than selecting the output by the single trait, and the trade-off between gains and losses and the index of the trait including the traits, grain weight, spike number or grain number is better and easier. The results showed that: in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, based on the existing high-yield varieties, breeding new varieties with higher yield potential, it seems that should focus on increasing the number of grains, appropriate balance of grain weight, and the number of grains in unit area The number of particles is more appropriate index. There seems to be more spikes