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海底历史沉船一直被视为马来西亚水下文化遗产的主要部分,对这些历史沉船施以打捞的规范性法律文件主要是《海商法》,从《海商法》的相关条款中可以寻找到打捞历史沉船的法律定位。同时也必须认识到的是,打捞行为与保护历史文化完整性之间所存在的必然的显著的价值冲突,该《海商法》能否有效地协调二者之间的冲突呢?本文通过细致分析1952年《航运条例》的核心条款以及一些普遍适用的尤为重视成功打捞的海难救助法原则,对马来西亚历史沉船的法律地位加以研究,认为在马来西亚法律制度框架下,历史沉船被视为价值非凡的海上财产。尽管从整体而言,1952年条例对保护历史沉船的具体问题中并未发挥太大作用,但其中的某些机制仍将发挥实质性的作用。
Underwater history Wrecks have always been regarded as the main part of Malaysia’s underwater cultural heritage. The normative legal documents for salvaging these historical shipwrecks are mainly the “Maritime Law”. From the relevant provisions of the Maritime Law, we can find the salvage history shipwreck The legal position. At the same time, it must also be realized that there is the inevitable significant conflict of values between the salvage and the preservation of the integrity of history and culture. Can the “Maritime Law” effectively coordinate the conflict between the two? By careful analysis The core provisions of the Shipping Act of 1952 and some universally applicable principles of salvage law, with a particular emphasis on successful salvage, are to study the legal status of the shipwreck of history in Malaysia and to consider that historical shipwrecks are considered to be of extraordinary value under the Malaysian legal system Sea property. Although the 1952 ordinance in general did not play a significant role in the specific issues of protecting the shipwrecked history, some of these mechanisms will still play a substantive role.