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初中物理电学中有关“短路”的问题是教学中的难点.各地中考试题中有相当一部分电学计算中插入了“短路”的知识内容,使试题增大了灵活性及难度,用来考查学生的能力.然而初中学生接触实际电路较少,遇到短路的情况则更少,因此学生在学习时感到抽象,难以理解.下面,本文就“短路”教学谈几点体会.一、增加实验,进行直观教学实验1 如图1所示连接电路.灯泡 L_1、L_2发光.然后闭合开关 S,L_1、L_2熄灭.片刻后,断开开关 S,让学生触摸干电池,干电池发热.
The problem of “short circuit” in junior high school physics electricity is a difficult point in teaching. There is a considerable part of the electrical calculations in various places in the middle school test inserting the knowledge of “short circuit”, which increases the flexibility and difficulty of the test. To examine students’ abilities, however, junior high school students are less likely to encounter practical circuits and encounter fewer short circuits. Therefore, students feel abstract when learning. It is difficult to understand. Below, this article discusses the teaching of short-circuiting. First, increase the experiment, carry on the direct-injection experiment experiment 1 Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 1. The light bulb L_1, L_2 shines. Then close the switch S, L_1, L_2 extinguish. After a while, disconnect the switch S, let the student touch the dry battery, dry battery fever.