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实验目的通过测定流经酸化了的水溶液的电子数,与将氢离子还原成氢气的电子的摩尔数之间的相互关系,以求出阿佛加德罗数的值。讨论已知的测定阿佛加德罗常数(N)的方法,有的太复杂,有的实验设备太昂贵,有的既复杂又昂贵,以致一般的中学不能采用;或者得不到准确的结果。我们发现,计算水在电解期间通过的库仑数(从而计算电子数),就可得出氢分子的摩尔数。这一方法,是获得正确(N)值的快速而廉价的安全方法。本实验可以再现,其误差小于5%,完全能在两个实际教学课时(2×35分钟)内完成。
The purpose of the experiment was to determine the value of Avogadro’s number by measuring the correlation between the number of electrons flowing through the acidified aqueous solution and the number of moles of electrons that reduce hydrogen ions to hydrogen gas. Discussion of known methods for determining the Avogadro’s constant (N), some too complex, some experimental equipment too expensive, some complex and expensive, so that the average secondary school can not be used; or can not get accurate results . We have found that the number of moles of hydrogen molecules can be calculated by calculating the number of coulombs (and thus the number of electrons) that water passes during electrolysis. This method is a fast and inexpensive security method to obtain the correct (N) value. This experiment can be reproduced with an error of less than 5% and can be completed within two actual teaching hours (2 x 35 minutes).