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“社区”,这是社会学的专用名词。1881年,德国社会学家滕尼斯首先将“社区”这一名词用于社会学。 社区服务或社区工作,在早期是作为社会福利形式出现的,其服务对象主要是贫苦大众,以赈济及办慈善事业为主。18世纪英国工业革命后,为对贫困人进行救济,在教区建立了救济所和对劳动者进行技术培训的习艺所等。随着资本主义经济发展,特别是二次世界大战后,经济高速发展,工业化、城市化、专业化进程不断加快,社会结构、家庭结构、人口结构以及人们的生活方式发生了变化。美国及一些工业发达国家相继出现了社区服
“Community”, this is a sociological jargon. In 1881, the German sociologist Tengnis first used the term “community” for sociology. In the early days, community service or community work emerged as a form of social welfare. Its service targets mainly consisted of the poor and the general public, with relief and charities. After the British Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, relief centers were set up in the parish for the relief of the poor, and the art institutes for technical training of laborers. With the development of capitalist economy, especially after World War II, the rapid economic development, industrialization, urbanization and specialization are accelerating. Social structure, family structure, population structure and people’s lifestyles have undergone changes. The United States and some industrialized countries have emerged community service