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目的了解云南省高山峡谷型流行区血吸虫病传染源种类及其在血吸虫病传播中的作用,为实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施提供参考依据。方法在云南省南涧县选择2个典型高山峡谷型血吸虫病流行村,采用系统抽样结合环境抽查法调查螺情,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)结合尼龙绢集卵孵化法调查居民血吸虫感染情况,采用塑料杯顶管孵化法调查家畜血吸虫感染情况;应用夜笼法和夜夹法捕捉居民区及周围农耕区有螺环境中的野生小动物,采用解剖法结合粪孵法检查野生小动物血吸虫感染情况;在居民区周围或家畜活动频繁的有螺环境调查野粪分布和污染,采用孵化法检查野粪血吸虫阳性情况,计算野粪污染指数。结果2个村共调查533.56 hm2,查出钉螺面积16.52 hm2,有螺框出现率为1.03%,钉螺密度为0.07只/0.1 m2,未查出感染性钉螺;人群血检阳性率为1.61%,未查出粪检阳性病人;牛血吸虫感染率为0.90%,马属动物感染率为0.62%,其他家畜未检出阳性;共捕获以鼠类为主的野生小动物57只,未检出血吸虫感染阳性小动物。共检获6种野粪,分别为人粪、牛粪、马属动物粪、羊粪、猪粪和犬粪,密度以牛粪、马属动物粪和犬粪相对较高,分别为7.2、4.3堆/hm2和2.1堆/hm2。查出阳性野粪6份,其中牛粪3份,阳性率为2.27%(3/132);马属动物粪2份,阳性率为2.63%(2/76);犬粪1份,阳性率为3.70%(1/27),牛、马属动物和犬粪相对污染指数分别为80.68%、15.89%和3.43%。结论达到血吸虫病传播控制标准后,云南省高山峡谷型流行区血吸虫病潜在流行因素仍然存在,牛仍是最主要的传染源,马属动物和犬在血吸虫病传播中的作用也不容忽视。今后应进一步加大血吸虫病传染源调查和监测力度,采取有针对性的防治和管理措施,强化以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治策略。
Objective To understand the source of schistosomiasis and its role in the transmission of schistosomiasis in mountainous gully endemic areas in Yunnan Province, and to provide reference for the implementation of integrated control measures based on the control of infection sources. Methods Two typical canyon schistosomiasis endemic villages were selected in Nanjian County of Yunnan Province. The infection rates of schistosomiasis were investigated by systematic sampling combined with environmental sampling. The indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) and nylon silk hatching method were used to investigate the prevalence of schistosomiasis. , The use of plastic cup top tube incubation method to investigate the infection of domestic animals Schistosoma japonicum; Nightcage method and the night clip method to capture the residential area and the surrounding farming area snail environment of wild animals, using anatomical method combined with manure hatching method to check the wild small animal schistosomiasis Infection; Survival survey of wild snails around the residential areas or livestock activity frequently survey wild stool distribution and contamination, incubation method used to check the status of wild stool schistosome infection, calculated stool pollution index. Results A total of 533.56 hm2 were found in the two villages. The area of snails was found to be 16.52 hm2, the rate of occurrence of snails was 1.03% and the density of snails was 0.07 /0.1 m2. Infectious snails were not detected. The positive rate of blood samples was 1.61% No positive stool tests were found. The infection rate of S. burgdorferi was 0.90%, the equine infection rate was 0.62%, and no positive results were found in other domestic animals. A total of 57 wild animal species were detected, no schistosomes were detected Infection positive animals. A total of 6 kinds of wild manure were seized, which were human dung, cow dung, equine animal dung, sheep dung, pig dung and canine dung, cow dung, equine animal dung and canine dung were relatively high, respectively 7.2 and 4.3 heaps / hm2 and 2.1 heap / hm2. 6 positive masculine feces were found, of which 3 were cow dung, the positive rate was 2.27% (3/132); 2 were equine animal feces, the positive rate was 2.63% (2/76) Was 3.70% (1/27). The relative pollution index of cattle, equine and canine was 80.68%, 15.89% and 3.43% respectively. Conclusions After the schistosomiasis control standard is reached, the potential epidemic factors of schistosomiasis still exist in mountainous gully endemic areas in Yunnan Province. Cattle are still the most important source of infection. The role of equine and canine in the transmission of schistosomiasis should not be overlooked. In the future, the investigation and monitoring on the source of schistosomiasis should be further intensified, and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control strategy for schistosomiasis with infection source control.