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目的:了解珠海市学龄前儿童气质类型,探讨其影响因素。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法抽取珠海市943名3～7岁儿童为研究对象,应用《3～7岁儿童气质测查问卷》和自制的相关因素问卷对儿童气质和有关因素进行调查。结果:珠海市学龄前儿童气质类型以易养型和中间偏易养型占多数,分别占儿童总数的33.7%和39.1%;儿童健康状况不良,儿童入睡困难,母亲孕期抑郁忧虑和父母教育方式不一致是难养型气质的危险因素。结论:生物学因素和家庭环境因素影响学龄前儿童气质类型,良好的围产期保健,和谐、稳定的家庭环境及正确的教育方式有利于儿童身心健康发展。
Objective: To understand the types of temperament of preschool children in Zhuhai and to explore the influencing factors. Methods: A total of 943 children aged 3 to 7 years in Zhuhai were enrolled in this study. Random sampling method was used to investigate children’s temperament and related factors by using the Questionnaire on Children’s Temperament from 3 to 7 Years and Self-made Questionnaire. Results: The types of temperament of Zhuhai preschool children accounted for 33.7% and 39.1% of the total number of children, respectively. The poor health status of children, the difficulty of children falling asleep, the anxiety of their mothers during pregnancy and the parental education Inconsistency is a risk factor for hard-to-sustain temperament. Conclusion: Biological factors and family environmental factors affect pre-school children’s temperament type, good perinatal health care, harmonious and stable family environment and proper education are conducive to children’s physical and mental health development.