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目的:了解厦门市同安区5岁以下儿童死亡率、主要死因及动态变化,为制定相应干预措施提供依据。方法:对2005～2009年同安区5岁以下儿童死亡资料进行分析。结果:5年来同安区新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率,分别由2005年的4.29‰、7.43‰、8.58‰降至2009年的3.15‰、5.33‰、6.55‰.前5位死因分别为早产和低出生体重、先天异常、出生窒息、先天性心脏病、肺炎;1～4岁儿童前3位死因分别为意外、其他肿瘤和先天性心脏病。结论:降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键是降低新生儿及婴儿死亡率。采取提高产前诊断技术,加强围产期保健、高危妊娠管理,提高产科质量与新生儿复苏技术,加强儿童意外伤害的预防是进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。新生儿死亡和婴儿死亡是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要部分。
Objective: To understand the mortality, the main causes of death and the dynamic changes of children under the age of 5 in Tongan District, Xiamen City, so as to provide the basis for formulating the corresponding interventions. Methods: The death data of children under 5 years of age in Tongan District from 2005 to 2009 were analyzed. Results: The death rates of newborns, infants and children under 5 years old in Tongan District decreased from 4.29 ‰, 7.43 ‰ and 8.58 ‰ in 2005 to 3.15 ‰, 5.33 ‰ and 6.55 ‰ respectively in 2009. The top five causes of death were For premature birth and low birth weight, congenital anomalies, birth asphyxia, congenital heart disease, pneumonia; 1 to 4 years old children were the first three causes of death, other tumors and congenital heart disease. Conclusion: The key to reducing the under-five mortality rate is to reduce neonatal and infant mortality. To improve prenatal diagnosis, strengthen perinatal care, manage high-risk pregnancies, improve obstetric quality and neonatal resuscitation techniques and strengthen prevention of accidental injuries in children are the key factors to further reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age. Neonatal and infant deaths are a major part of the death of children under 5 years of age.