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BACKGROUND: Elk-1 mRNA distributes extensively in the neurons of mice, rat and human brains, and the Elk-1 expression may be correlated with the synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of phosphorylated Elk-1 (pElk-1) in whole brain of rats received Y-maze active avoidance training and the changes of pElk-1 expression at different time points after training. DESIGN: A randomized controlled study. SETTING: Research Room of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University. MATERIALS: Fifty-five male clean-degree SD rats of 3-4 months old, weighing 200-250 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University. The rabbit anti-monoclonal pElk-1 antibody was purchased from Cell Signal Transduction Company, and ABC kit from Vector Company. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Research Room of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from September 2004 to February 2005. ① Grouping: The rats were randomly divided into training group (n = 25), sham-training group (n = 25) and normal control group (n = 5), and the training and sham-training groups were observed at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after training, which represented the five phases in the process of learning and memory. ② Y-maze training: The rats were preconditioned in the electrical Y-maze apparatus, 20 minutes a day for 3 days continuously, and training began from the 4th day. In the training group, the rats were trained with the combination of light and electricity. Each rat repeated for 60 times in each training, and the correct times were recorded, those correct for less than 25 times were taken as unqualified, and excluded from the training group, and supplemented by other rats in time. In the sham-training group, there was no fixed correlation between the application of light and electricity. The rats in the normal control group were given not any training. ③Detection of pElk-1 expression: The rats were anesthetized after Y-maze training, brain tissue was removed to prepare coronal freezing sections, and the pElk-1 expression was detected with routine ABC method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Distribution of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons in whole brain of rats in the normal control group. ② Comparison of the expression of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons in whole brain at different time points after training between the training group and sham-training group. RESULTS: All the 55 rats were involved in result analysis. ① Distribution of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons in the whole brain of rats in the normal control group: Strong expressions of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons were observed in prefrontal lobe, granular layer of olfactory bulbs, Purkinje cell layer and granular layer of cerebellum, whole striate cortex, temporal cortex, pre-pyriform cortex, hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and periventricular nucleus, thalamic paraventricular nucleus, pronucleus and postnucleus of amygdala cortex, central nucleus of amygdala, medial amygdaloid nucleus, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal dentate gyrus, CA1-4 regions, caudate-putamen, material division, brain stem spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve, and superior olivary nucleus, and those in hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA1 region were the strongest. ② Distribution of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons in the whole brain of rats at different time points after training in the training group and sham-training group: In the training group, the expressions were obviously enhanced in caudate-putamen of striatum, material division, most cortexes, hippocampal dentate gyrus, hippocampal CA regions, nucleus amygdalae, thalamic paraventricular nucleus, Purkinje cell layer of cerebellum, entorhinal cortex, hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and periventricular nucleus at 0 hour after training, and the enhancement lasted for 6 hours at least, and those at 24 hours were decreased to normal. In the sham-training group, obvious enhanced expressions of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons could be observed in most cortexes, nucleus amygdalae, entorhinal cortex, hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and periventricular nucleus, brain stem spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve, Purkinje cell layer and granular layer of cerebellum at 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours, and decreased to normal after 24 hours. The expressions in material division, caudate-putamen of striatum, hippocampus were not obviously enhanced as compared with those in the normal control group, but significantly different from those in the training group (0, 1, 3, 6 hours after training, material division: F = 0.576, 0.023, 0.116, 8.873, P < 0.01; caudate-putamen: F = 0.157, 0.427, 0.030, 0.001, P < 0.01; hippocampus: F = 6.716, 2.405, 14.137, 1.416, P < 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: The expression of activated pElk-1 can be detected in the learning related brain areas under normal status, and the pElk-1 expression in the brain areas dynamically changed in a time-dependent manner after Y-maze training, and it is indicated that pElk-1 is involved in the learning and memory process in Y-maze related brain areas.
BACKGROUND: Elk-1 mRNA distributes extensively in the neurons of mice, rat and human brains, and the Elk-1 expression may be correlated with the synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of phosphorylated Elk-1 (pElk -1) in whole brain of rats received Y-maze active avoidance training and the changes of pElk-1 expression at different time points after training. Medical University. MATERIALS: Fifty-five male clean-degree SD rats of 3-4 months old, weighing 200-250 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University. The rabbit anti-monoclonal pElk-1 antibody was purchased from Cell Signal Transduction Company, and ABC kit from Vector Company. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Research Room of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from September 2004 to February 2005. ① Grouping: The rats were randomly divided into training groups (n = 25), sham-training groups (n = 25) and normal control groups (n = 5), and the training and sham-training groups were observed at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after training, which represented the five phases in the process of learning and memory. ② Y-maze training: The rats were preconditioned in the electrical Y-maze apparatus, 20 minutes a day for 3 days continuous, and training began from the 4th day. In the training group, the rats were trained with the combination of light and electricity. Each rat repeated for 60 times in each training, and the correct times were recorded, those correct for less than 25 times were taken as unqualified, and excluded from the training group, and supplemented by other rats in time. In the sham-training group, there was no fixed correlation between the application of light and electricity. The rats in the normal control group were given not any training. ③Detection o f pElk-1 expression: The rats were anesthetized after Y-maze training, brain tissue was removed to prepare coronal freezing sections, and the pElk-1 expression was detected with routine ABC method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Distribution of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons in whole brain of rats in the normal control group. ② Comparison of the expression of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons in whole brain at different time points after training between the training group and sham-training group. RESULTS: All the 55 rats were involved in the result analysis. ① Distribution of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons in the whole brain of rats in the normal control group: Strong expressions of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons were observed in prefrontal lobe, granular layer of olfactory bulbs, Purkinje cell layer and granular layer of cerebellum, whole striate cortex, temporal cortex, pre-pyriform cortex, hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and periventricular nucleus, thalami c paraventricular nucleus, pronucleus and postnucleus of amygdala cortex, central nucleus of amygdala, medial amygdaloid nucleus, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal dentate gyrus, CA1-4 regions, caudate-putamen, material division, brain stem spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve, and superior olivary nucleus, and those in hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA1 region were the strongest. ② Distribution of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons in the whole brain of rats at different time points after training in the training group and sham-training group: In the training group, the expressions were obviously enhanced in caudate-putamen of striatum, material division, most cortexes, hippocampal dentate gyrus, hippocampal CA regions, nucleus amygdalae, thalamic paraventricular nucleus, Purkinje cell layer of cerebellum, entorhinal cortex, hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and periventricular nucleus at 0 hour after training, and the enhancement lasted for 6 hours at lea st, andthose at 24 hours were decreased to normal. In the sham-training group, significantly enhanced expressions of pElk-1 immuno-positive neurons could be observed in most cortexes, nucleus amygdalae, entorhinal cortex, hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and periventricular nucleus , brain stem spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve, Purkinje cell layer and granular layer of cerebellum at 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours, and decreased to normal after 24 hours. The expressions in material division, caudate-putamen of striatum, hippocampus were not obviously enhanced as compared with those in the normal control group, but significantly different from those in the training group (0, 1, 3, 6 hours after training, material division: F = 0.576, 0.023, 0.116, 8.873, caudate-putamen: F = 0.157, 0.427, 0.030, 0.001, P <0.01; hippocampus: F = 6.716, 2.405, 14.137, 1.416, P <0.05-0.01) CONCLUSION: The expression of activated pElk-1 can be detected in the learning related brain areas under normal status, and the pElk-1 expression in the brain areas dynamically changed in a time-dependent manner after Y-maze training, and it is indicated that pElk-1 is involved in the learning and memory process in Y-maze related brain areas.