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概述急性腹泻是许多发展中国家儿童营养不良的决定因素及死亡主因。腹泻可分为感染性及非感染性两类。Tillman将感染性腹泻分为Ⅰ型(产毒素性)、Ⅱ型(浅的侵袭性)及Ⅲ型(深的侵袭性)腹泻。Carpenter又将上述Ⅰ型腹泻称为分泌性腹泻并指出其仅为净体液进入肠腔所致的腹泻,并无肠粘膜的破坏性改变。分泌性腹泻可由于电解质及水移入肠腔的活动增加,移出肠腔的活动减少,或是两种异常情况的共同作用所致,这通常是小肠粘膜细胞生物化学改变的结果。当分泌至小肠的液体超过结肠的吸收能力时,则发生腹泻。分泌性腹泻的特点是粪便与血浆等渗,并具有血浆超滤液的一些特点。除了水泻、脱水和电解质紊乱外,大便中无炎性细胞,病人多无全身中
Summary Acute diarrhea is a determinant of malnutrition and the leading cause of death in many developing countries. Diarrhea can be divided into two categories of infectious and non-infectious. Tillman classifies infectious diarrhea into type I (toxigenic), type II (lightly invasive) and type III (deep invasive) diarrhea. Carpenter, in turn, referred to Type I diarrhea as secretory diarrhea and pointed out that it is only diarrhea caused by the entry of the bodily fluid into the intestine and that there is no devastating change in the intestinal mucosa. Secretory diarrhea due to electrolyte and water into the intestine increased activity, decreased activity out of the intestine, or a combination of two abnormal conditions, which is usually the result of the small intestinal mucosal biochemical changes. Diarrhea occurs when the fluid secreted to the small intestine exceeds the absorptive capacity of the colon. Secretory diarrhea is characterized by excretion and plasma isotonic, and has some of the characteristics of the plasma ultrafiltrate. In addition to watery diarrhea, dehydration and electrolyte disorders, no inflammatory cells in the stool, the patient had no systemic