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河流健康受水文条件、人类活动干扰等因素影响存在季节性特点。作为以维护河流健康为目标的生态调度,在四季变化明显的北方地区也应具有分时期的特性。以辽河干流为研究区域,以月为单位对其河流健康进行评价,探讨河流健康的年内变化规律。研究表明辽河干流河流健康状况存在明显的分期特性,不同时期健康状况差异较大。基于上述特点,提出以分期生态调度的方式来改善河流健康,并划分出封冻期、汛前枯水期、汛期、汛后枯水期4个时期。同时确定出封冻期的最小生态需水、枯水期的河流自净需水、汛期的输沙需水的需水要求。最后耦合出辽河干流生态流量过程并与Tennant法比较,表明该流量过程符合天然的径流节律,能更好地维护河流健康。
The health of the river is affected by the hydrological conditions, the disturbance of human activities and other factors, which have seasonal characteristics. Ecological planning, which aims to maintain the health of rivers, should also have the characteristics of sub-periods in the northern areas where the seasons change obviously. Taking the Liaohe River as the research area, the river health was evaluated on a month-by-month basis and the variation regularity of river health was discussed. The research shows that there are obvious staging characteristics of river health status in Liaohe River, with different health status in different periods. Based on the above characteristics, it is proposed to improve the health of rivers by phased ecological scheduling and to divide the period of frost-freezing, dry season before flood season, flood season and dry season after flood season. At the same time, the minimum ecological water requirement of freezing period, self-purification water demand of rivers in dry season, and demand of water for sand transport in flood season are determined. Finally, the ecological flow of the Liaohe River is coupled and compared with that of the Tennant method, which shows that the flow process accords with the natural runoff rhythm and can better maintain the river health.