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碳捕捉与封存技术是将化石燃料中的碳以二氧化碳的形式从工业或相关能源的排放源中分离出来,输送到封存地点,并使之长期与大气隔绝的技术。碳捕捉与封存技术利用过程中存在很大的风险,需要严格监管。目前,我国建成或在建的该技术示范项目已有多项,但在对技术的利用监管方面尚无相关法规加以规制。由于该技术风险巨大,监管主体必须具有最强的管制能力,而只有政府行政部门拥有这种强制力。在监管权限的分配上,横向权限的分配方面,环境保护行政管理机构应为主管部门,享有管辖权,能源、交通等部门参与管理;纵向权限的分配方面,纵向的行政监管权限的分配主要是指管理权限收归中央集中管理或地方管理,现阶段我国比较适合中央统一集中管理的模式。监管制度设计应包括环境影响评价或环境风险评价制度、封存场地选择管理制度、核准制度、监测制度、安全制度、责任制度、事故应急处理制度等。
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology that separates carbon from fossil fuel sources in the form of carbon dioxide from sources of industrial or related energy sources, transports them to storage sites, and secures them to the atmosphere over the long term. There is a great risk in the process of using carbon capture and storage technology, which needs to be strictly regulated. At present, there are many technical demonstration projects built or under construction in our country, but no relevant laws and regulations have been put in place to regulate the use of technology. Because of the immense risk of the technology, the regulator must have the strongest regulatory power, and only the government administration has such force. In terms of the distribution of supervisory authority and horizontal authority, the administrative department of environmental protection shall be the competent department and shall enjoy the jurisdiction, energy, transportation and other departments to participate in the management. In the aspect of the distribution of vertical rights, the distribution of vertical administrative authority is mainly Refers to the centralized management of management authority or local management, at this stage more suitable for centralized central government centralized management model. The design of the regulatory system shall include the environmental impact assessment or environmental risk assessment system, the storage site selection management system, the approval system, the monitoring system, the safety system, the liability system and the accident emergency handling system.