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当学生从事有目的的活动时,在环境中遇到障碍和干扰,使他们产生思想动机不能获得满足的情绪状态,称之为学生思想挫折。学生的主要活动是学习,在学习中,他们随时会遇到这样那样的障碍和干扰。因此,他们随时都有可能产生思想挫折。学生为了减轻或避兔思想挫折带来的不愉快和痛苦,在实际生活中学会某些适应思想挫折情境的方式。因为这些适应方式在性质上是防卫的(防卫自我不受焦虑等的侵害,)故称为防卫方式。这些防卫方式有的是有利于他们身心健康发展的,有的则会阻碍他们身心健康地发展。这就需要教师需用正确的教育手段,防止学生不良的防卫方式的产生和漫延。学生受到思想挫折后的防卫方式常见的有以下几种:
When students engage in purposeful activities, they encounter obstacles and disturbances in the environment, so that they can not get satisfied with the emotional state of motivation, called the student thinking setbacks. The main activity of students is learning, in learning, they will encounter such obstacles and interference at any time. Therefore, they may have thought-provoking problems at any time. In order to relieve or avoid the unpleasantness and suffering caused by the thought setbacks, the students learn some ways to adapt their thinking and setback situations in real life. Because these modes of adaptation are defensive in nature (self-defense against anxiety and other violations), it is called defense mode. Some of these defensive measures are conducive to the healthy development of their physical and mental health, while others will hinder their physical and mental development. This requires teachers need to use the correct education, to prevent students from generating and spreading bad defense methods. Students after the ideological setback defense methods are common in the following categories: