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心钠素是1984年,首先由加拿大、日本和美国科学家从人和大鼠的心房中分离、提取出的一类生物活性多肽。目前从人和大鼠心房肌提取出的心房肽有五种以上,并已分别确定了它们的氨基酸序列。各研究室提取的心房肽不尽相同,但其基本的氨基酸序列是一致的。心钠素原是一个由151个氨基酸残基(人)或152个氨基酸残基(大鼠)组成的蛋白质。当心钠素原分泌到血液中转变成28肽的心钠素时,才呈现出其生物活性。心钠素结构的主要特征是一个含17个氨基酸的环,环的两端是半胱氨酸,中间以二硫键相连,二硫键断裂则心钠素失去活性。心钠素链含有5个精氨酸,第3、4位上的一对精氨酸对蛋白水解作用高度敏感,降解后心钠素即失去活性。目前,大量研究表明,心钠素具有强大的利钠、利尿、扩张血管和降低血压的作用;并在高血压、心肾疾病和肺水肿等多种疾病的防治上,具有重要意义。
Atrial natriuretic peptide was first isolated and extracted from the atria of humans and rats by scientists from Canada, Japan and the United States in 1984. At present, there are more than five kinds of atrial natriuretic peptides extracted from human and rat atrial muscles, and their amino acid sequences have been respectively determined. The atrial natriuretic peptides extracted by different laboratories are different, but the basic amino acid sequences are the same. Atrial natriuretic factor is a protein consisting of 151 amino acid residues (human) or 152 amino acid residues (rat). When pro-proinsulin secreted into the blood into the 28-apeptide atrial natriuretic peptide before showing its biological activity. The main feature of the structure of atrial natriuretic peptide is a 17 amino acid ring, cysteine at both ends of the ring, disulfide bond in the middle, and disulfide bond break down the activity of atrial natriuretic peptide. The atrial natriuretic peptide chain contains five arginines. The pair of arginines at positions 3 and 4 is highly sensitive to proteolysis, and the atrial natriuretic peptide is deactivated after degradation. At present, a large number of studies have shown that atrial natriuretic peptide has a strong sodium, diuretic, dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure; and in the prevention and treatment of many diseases such as hypertension, heart and kidney disease and pulmonary edema.