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在英语学习的听、说、读、写四种重要技能中,听是获得语言信息及语言感受的主要途径,也是提高其他技能的基础。如今,全国普通高等院校招生考试英语试卷中的听力测试占试卷总分的20%。但部分学生在英语学习上对听力测试有“难”和“怕”的心理,听的能力大大低于该学科的其他能力。影响学生听力理解的主要障碍有语言和非语言性障碍两大类。语言障碍主要包括语音、语速、词汇等;非语言性障碍主要包括心理障碍和文化障碍等。一、语言障碍1.语音障碍。在听的过程中,学生对语言基础知识掌握的好坏决定了听力理解及反应速度的差异。语音障碍包括单词的读音障碍及由英美语音差异形成的障碍。开始时若没有掌握单词的准确发音,久而久之,对发音相近的词就不能准确辨认。英美英语除了在词汇和拼写方面存有差异外,其读音也不尽相同。如不熟悉其语音差异,就容易产生听力障碍。2.语速障碍。语速是听力理解中的决定性因素。语速太快,学生来不及反应;语速过慢则会给听者不真实的感觉,会引
Among the four important skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing in English learning, listening is the main way to acquire language information and language experience, and it is also the basis for improving other skills. Today, the listening tests in the English examination papers for the national college entrance exams account for 20% of the total score of the test papers. However, some students have “difficulty” and “fearfulness” in listening tests in English learning, and their ability to listen is much lower than other abilities in the subject. The major obstacles affecting students’ listening comprehension are linguistic and non-verbal obstacles. Language barriers include speech, speed, and vocabulary; non-linguistic disorders mainly include psychological disorders and cultural barriers. First, language barriers 1. Speech disorders. In the process of listening, the students’ mastery of language basic knowledge determines the difference in listening comprehension and reaction speed. Speech disorders include the pronunciation of words and obstacles formed by differences in English and American speech. If you do not master the exact pronunciation of a word at the beginning, over time, words with similar pronunciations cannot be accurately identified. In addition to differences in vocabulary and spelling, English and American English also have different pronunciations. If you are not familiar with the difference in speech, it is easy to produce hearing impairment. 2. Speed barriers. Speech rate is a decisive factor in listening comprehension. The speed is too fast for students to respond; if the speed is too slow, it will give the listener an unreal feeling.