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[目的]了解龙岩市电焊作业场所的主要职业病危害情况及其对作业工人身体健康的影响。[方法]2011年9月,对某除尘器厂电焊作业场所进行空气中有害物质的检测,对162名电焊工人进行职业健康检查,并以该厂98名管理及后勤人员为对照。[结果]检测电焊作业场所64个点,空气中锰浓度合格率为37.50%,电焊烟尘合格率为60.94%。检查162名电焊工,98名对照,神经衰弱综合征检出率,2组分别为22.22%、9.18%(P<0.01);两侧肺部细网影及纹理改变检出率,2组分别为22.84%、11.22%(P<0.05);心电图异常检出率,2组分别为12.96%、5.10%(P<0.05);轻度限制性肺功能障碍检出率,2组分别为12.96%、5.10%(P<0.05)。[结论]电焊作业场所空气中电焊尘和锰含量超标;电焊工的神经系统和肺功能受到一定损害。
[Objective] To understand the major occupational hazards of welding workplace in Longyan City and its impact on the health of workers. [Method] In September, 2011, the airborne harmful substances were detected in the welding place of a dust remover factory. Occupational health examination was conducted on 162 welders and compared with 98 management and logistics staff of the plant. [Result] The result showed that the qualified rate of manganese concentration in air was 37.50% and the passing rate of welding fume and dust was 60.94%. The detection rate of 162 welders, 98 controls and neurasthenic syndrome were 22.22% and 9.18% (P <0.01) in 2 groups respectively. (22.84%, 11.22%, P <0.05). The detection rate of ECG abnormalities in the two groups was 12.96% and 5.10% respectively (P <0.05). The detection rate of mild restricted pulmonary dysfunction was 12.96% , 5.10% (P <0.05). [Conclusion] The content of electric welding dust and manganese in the air at the welding work place exceeded the standard. The nervous system and lung function of the welder were impaired.