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[目的]研究在水分胁迫条件下不同控释肥料释放特征及对小麦生长发育和产量影响。[方法]利用旱地小麦大田实验,以仅施磷钾肥和优化施肥为对照,选用4种不同的包膜材料控释肥A、B、C和D。[结果]在磷钾水平相同条件下,控释氮肥A和B均能显著提高小麦产量,亩穗数是导致产量差异的主要原因;控释氮肥A和B在冬前分别释放了44.4%和46.3%,拔节期释放了72.1%和69.8%,收获期释放了88.0%和91.5%,能够满足旱作小麦全生育期的氮肥需求;另外与OPT(优化施肥)处理相比,控释肥A和B氮素积累量分别增加1.39、2.09 kg/667 m~2,氮肥利用率增加8.66和13.04个百分点,氮肥偏生产力增加9.00、7.22kg/kg,[结论]控释肥A和B对旱作冬小麦效果最好。
[Objective] The study aimed to study the release characteristics of different controlled release fertilizers and their effects on the growth and yield of wheat under water stress. [Method] With field experiment of dry land wheat, compared with applying only phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and optimizing fertilization, four different coating materials were used to control release fertilizer A, B, C and D. [Result] Under the same phosphorus and potassium levels, both controlled release nitrogen fertilizer A and B could significantly increase wheat yield, and the number of ears per acre was the main reason for the difference in yield. Controlled release nitrogen fertilizer A and B released 44.4% and 46.3%, 72.1% and 69.8% at the jointing stage, and 88.0% and 91.5% at the harvest stage respectively, which could meet the demand of nitrogen fertilizer during the whole growth period of dry wheat. Compared with the OPT And B nitrogen increased by 1.39 and 2.09 kg / 667 m ~ 2, respectively, the NUE increased by 8.66 and 13.04 percentage points, and the N fertilizer partial productivity increased by 9.00 and 7.22 kg / kg, respectively. [Conclusion] The best winter wheat.