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日冕物质抛射(Coronal Mass Ejection,简称CME)可在短时间内将约1011~1013千克物质抛向行星际空间,是灾害性空间天气的主要驱动源之一.CME引发的空间天气事件可能会对卫星、航空器、航天器、电网、输油管道,以及航天员、航班机组人员和乘客健康造成严重危害.CME源区研究是理解CME的重要途径.本文旨在介绍近年来CME源区观测和理论研究进展,通过综合Hinode、STEREO、SDO等卫星的最新观测结果,对CME源区的观测特征进行描述;在此基础上,对stealth CME、twin-CME、大尺度活动等概念、观测现象背后的磁场机制、磁绳的观测和模拟,新的日冕磁场外推方法、CME的三维重构等进行概述.CME预报仍是目前空间天气领域的难点之一,结合最新观测数据对CME事件及其源区、尤其是源区大尺度磁场结构进行分析,对理解和预报CME及相关的空间天气事件具有重要意义.
Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) can throw about 1011-1013 kg of substance into interplanetary space in a short period of time, which is one of the main driving forces of disastrous space weather.CME-induced space weather events may affect Satellite, aircraft, spacecraft, power grid, oil pipeline, astronaut, flight crew and passenger health.CME source area study is an important way to understand CME.This paper aims to introduce the recent CME source area observation and theoretical research Based on these observations, the concepts of stealth CME, twin-CME, large-scale activities and so on, the magnetic field behind the observed phenomena Mechanism, magnetic rope observation and simulation, new coronal magnetic field extrapolation method, CME three-dimensional reconstruction, etc.CME forecasting is still one of the difficulties in the field of space weather at present, combining with the latest observation data on the CME event and its source area , Especially the large-scale magnetic field structure in the source area, is of great significance for understanding and forecasting CME and related space weather events.